I was suprised by the title which is saying : "Btc remains unspent" wheras BTC were sent to an unknown address. There's a kind of payment address method is named P2NullData. The script starts by the OP_RETURN (0x6a) and by the content size.
You have an example here : https://www.blockchain.com/btc/tx/bb1d3de5b1052faf40a2ab176ebfe3398ae58437a71009636a35681246dd8c9a. You should turn HEX toggle on, which will able you to see the script with OP_CODES.
The main thing that you have to know about OP_RETURN is opcode immediately ends the execution of the script and marks it as invalid. Therefore, any output with a NULL DATA locking script on it is unspendable ! There is no need to store it in the UTXO database because there's the OP_RETURN code. This saves precious RAM.
The NULL DATA locking script was introduced in Bitcoin 0.9.0 as a compromise to allow people to include arbitrary data inside transactions.
Some people were adding data to transactions by using the existing standard locking scripts. For example, you could always use a P2PKH script and put your arbitrary data inside where the hashed public key.
76a91400000000006c6561726e6d6561626974636f696e88ac
This above example is from learnmeabitcoin
However, the problem with this approach is that it looks like a standard locking script, so the output would be stored in the UTXO database. This is a waste of RAM.
Thanks, Loopite.
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